If you’ve ever dealt with tennis elbow or golfer’s elbow, this matters a lot.

One of the biggest reasons these injuries develop—and keep coming back—is that most people bend their wrist and elbow at the same time during daily tasks. Think about:

• Lifting objects
• Carrying groceries
• Gripping weights
• Typing or using a mouse
• Sports like tennis, golf, pickleball, or lifting

When the wrist and elbow move together all the time, the forearm muscles never learn to control each joint independently. Over time, this leads to:

• Excessive tendon strain
• Poor load distribution
• Irritation at the elbow attachment sites

Pain isn’t just about weakness—it’s about lack of control.

Why Isolating the Wrist and Elbow Is So Important

Your wrist flexors and extensors cross both joints, which means they’re constantly being asked to do double duty.

When you always bend the wrist and elbow together:

• The stronger muscles take over
• The weaker stabilizers get ignored
• Tendons absorb stress they’re not ready for

That’s a recipe for elbow pain.

Training with different elbow positions teaches your nervous system something critical:
“I can move and load my wrist without dumping stress into my elbow.”
That’s huge for pain relief and long-term resilience.

Elbow Bent: Protecting Painful Elbows & Rebuilding Control

This position is great for people with elbow pain.
With the elbow bent:

• Tension at the elbow decreases
• Wrist muscles can be trained with less irritation
• You regain isolated wrist control without flaring symptoms

This is often the starting point for tennis elbow and golfer’s elbow rehab.

Elbow Straight: Preparing the Tendon for Real Life

Here’s where a lot of people stop too early.
Daily life doesn’t happen with your elbow tucked at your side. When the elbow is straight:

• Tendon demand increases
• Wrist muscles must work across both joints
• Strength becomes functional and transferable

Skipping this phase is why elbow pain often returns.

The Big Takeaway

Tennis elbow and golfer’s elbow don’t just happen because of overuse—they happen because the wrist and elbow stop working independently.
​
If you want:

• Less elbow pain
• Stronger, more resilient forearms
• Fewer flare-ups when gripping or lifting

You need to train wrist flexors and extensors with the elbow both bent and straight.
That’s how you teach your arm to handle load the right way—not just in rehab, but in real life.

Many people are surprised when pain returns — especially after physical therapy helped them feel better in the past.

But here’s the truth:
Pain coming back is common — and it doesn’t mean treatment failed.

It usually means life happened.

Why pain returns (even after successful PT)

Pain often comes back for very normal reasons:

• Work demands increase
• Exercise routines change
• Stress builds up
• Old movement habits slowly return

Your body adapts to what you ask of it — good or bad. When stress exceeds capacity, symptoms show up as pain, stiffness, or weakness.

The mistake most people make... is waiting too long.

Many people try to:

• Rest it out
• Stretch randomly
• Push through workouts
• Hope it resolves on its own

Sometimes that works.  Often, it doesn’t.
​
What starts as a small issue can turn into:

• Longer recovery times
• Flare-ups that limit activity
• Pain that spreads to other areas

What to do instead: intervene early​

The best outcomes happen when people come in early — before pain becomes constant.
Early care often means:

• Fewer visits
• Faster improvement
• Less disruption to daily life

And many people don’t realize:
You don’t need a doctor’s referral to start physical therapy in California.
This is called Direct Access, and most insurance plans still provide coverage.

When should you consider coming in?

If you notice:

• Pain lasting more than 7–10 days
• Recurring stiffness or tightness
• Reduced strength or range of motion
• Pain returning during activities you enjoy

…it may be time for a quick check-in.

Often, a small course correction is all your body needs.

Our goal at San Ramon Valley Physical Therapy
Our job isn’t just to help you feel better — it’s to help you stay better

Whether your concern is new, returning, or something you’ve been managing quietly, we’re here to help you move confidently again.

Back pain is one of the most common reasons people stop doing the things they love. And for years, many patients have been told the same frightening story:

“You have a bulging disc.”
“Your spine is degenerating.”
“Be careful—you don’t want to make it worse.”

It’s no surprise that people leave those conversations feeling broken, fragile, and afraid to move.

The good news?

Modern physical therapy understands back pain very differently today—and that shift has helped millions of people recover without surgery, injections, or lifelong fear.

The Problem With the “Bad Disc” Story

Many people assume that if they have back pain, something in their spine must be damaged. MRIs and X-rays often seem to confirm this—showing disc bulges, arthritis, or degeneration.

But here’s what most people are never told:

• Disc bulges are extremely common, even in people with no pain
• “Degeneration” often shows up simply as a normal part of aging
• Imaging findings do not reliably predict pain or function

In fact, large studies have shown that people in their 30s, 40s, and 50s frequently have disc bulges and degeneration without any symptoms at all.

So if these findings are so common, why are they blamed for pain?

Because for a long time, medicine focused on what showed up on images--not how the body actually moves, adapts, and recovers.

Why Imaging Doesn’t Tell the Full Story

MRIs are excellent at showing anatomy—but they don’t show strength, coordination, confidence, or nervous system sensitivity.
​
Back pain is influenced by many factors, including:

• Movement habits
• Muscle strength and endurance
• Previous injuries
• Stress and sleep
• How safe your brain feels when you move

Two people can have identical MRI findings—one in pain, one pain-free. That’s because pain is not just about structure; it’s about how your body and nervous system are working together.

This realization has changed how physical therapists treat back pain.

The Modern View: The Spine Is Strong and Adaptable

Today’s physical therapy is built on a resilient spine model, not a fragile one.

Your spine is:

• Designed to bend, twist, and carry load
• Stronger than it feels when it hurts
• Capable of adapting at any age

Pain often causes muscles to guard, movement to become stiff, and confidence to drop.

Over time, this can actually maintain pain—even when tissues are healthy.
Instead of asking, “What’s damaged?”
Modern PT asks, “What does your spine need to feel safe and strong again?”

Why Movement Is Usually Safe (and Necessary)

One of the biggest breakthroughs in back pain care is understanding that avoiding movement often makes things worse, not better.

When movement is avoided:

• Muscles weaken
• Stiffness increases
• Fear grows
• Pain becomes more persistent

Guided, progressive movement does the opposite:

• Restores strength and control
• Calms the nervous system
• Builds confidence
• Improves long-term outcomes

This doesn’t mean pushing through sharp pain or ignoring symptoms. It means reintroducing movement the right way, at the right pace, with the right guidance.

What Physical Therapy Actually Treats (Beyond Pain)

Modern physical therapy doesn’t just chase pain relief—it focuses on function, confidence, and resilience.

A good PT program helps you:

• Understand your pain (so it’s less scary)
• Move without fear
• Gradually load your spine safely
• Return to activities you’ve been avoiding
• Trust your body again

Pain often improves as a result of better movement and confidence—not the other way around.

The Takeaway: You Are Not BrokenIf you’ve been told your back pain is due to a “bad disc” or degeneration, know this:

• Your spine is not fragile
• Imaging does not define your future
• Pain does not automatically mean damage
• Recovery does not require surgery for most people

Modern physical therapy is about empowering you, not limiting you.

With the right approach, many people discover that their backs are far more capable—and resilient—than they were ever led to believe.

Physical therapy is constantly evolving as new research helps us better understand pain, movement, and healing. Here are three exciting findings that everyday patients often find surprising—and encouraging.

1. Backward Walking Can Reduce Knee Pain and Improve Strength
Most of us only walk forward, but studies now show that walking backward (retro walking) can be an effective tool for reducing knee pain, especially with osteoarthritis.
Research has found that backward walking can:

• Reduce stress on the kneecap
• Improve quadriceps strength
• Enhance balance and gait
• Decrease overall knee pain

Because retro walking shifts joint loading, it allows patients to strengthen their legs without irritating painful structures.
Learn more:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6456984/
https://www.pubtexto.com/journals/journal-of-pain-management-and-therapeutic-care/fulltext/is-retro-walking-with-conventional-therapy-effective-in-manageing-knee-osteoarthritis-a-systematic-review-and-metaanalysis

2. Tendons Heal Best With Heavy, Slow Strength Training—Not Just Rest
A common myth is that tendon pain (Achilles, rotator cuff, patellar tendon, tennis elbow) needs rest. But newer studies show the opposite: tendons improve most with heavy, slow, controlled strengthening.
This approach helps:

• Stimulate collagen remodeling
• Improve tendon structure
• Reduce long-term pain
• Increase durability and function

This type of loading is done gradually and safely—and is now considered one of the most effective treatments for chronic tendon problems.
Learn more:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9768072/

3. Neck Problems Can Trigger Dizziness and Headaches—and PT Can Help
Neck stiffness or weakness doesn’t just cause neck pain. It can also contribute to:

• Tension-type headaches
• Migraines
• Dizziness or imbalance (cervicogenic dizziness)

Recent research supports using manual therapy, posture training, and deep neck flexor strengthening to reduce dizziness intensity, improve neck motion, and lessen headache frequency.
Learn more:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40325649/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859225001007

Why These Findings Matter

These research insights highlight three important principles:

• Movement is medicine. Even simple changes—like walking backward—can make a big difference.
• Strength heals. Tendons often require loading, not rest.
• The body is connected. Neck issues can affect headaches, balance, and overall function.

If you're dealing with pain or mobility limitations, talk with your physical therapist about whether these techniques might help you.

Why Pain Doesn’t Always Show Up Where the Problem Starts

Many people are surprised to learn that pain felt around the shoulder blade, upper back, or even the chest can actually come from the neck. This is called referred pain, and one of the best-known explanations for it is the Cloward Sign.

In simple terms:

​Sometimes your neck sends pain to other places—even if your neck doesn’t hurt at all.

What Is the Cloward Sign?

The Cloward Sign refers to a set of patterns showing where neck structures commonly send referred pain. It’s not a disease or a diagnosis—just a helpful way to understand how your body works.

Your neck contains joints, discs, and other tissues that can become irritated from things like poor posture, stress, long hours at the computer, lifting, or sleeping awkwardly. When these tissues get sensitive, the brain may “interpret” the discomfort as coming from nearby regions.

This is why neck-related pain often shows up as:

• A deep ache between the shoulder blades
• Pain along the spine next to the shoulder blade
• Soreness near the top of the shoulder
• A pulling or burning sensation in the upper back
• Pain around the lower part of the shoulder blade

Strength isn’t just for bodybuilders. A regular, general resistance routine (think: planned, progressive muscle-strengthening work) is one of the best things you can do for independence, function, pain management, and even longevity — and it’s safe and effective for most people when done correctly. We'll summarize what recent research shows, give practical options you can use (home- or gym-based), suggest local places near Danville & San Ramon to get started, and finish with safety tips and when to contact your physical therapist.​

What the research says — The Highlights

• Resistance training improves muscle strength, physical function, and quality of life for older adults. Multiple recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses show consistent gains in strength and functional measures (sit-to-stand, gait speed, balance) after structured resistance programs. 
• Resistance (strength) training is associated with lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Large observational analyses and reviews report meaningful reductions in death risk when strength training is added to aerobic activity. In short: resistance work helps you live healthier, longer.
• Higher-intensity / progressive resistance training produces larger and longer-lasting improvements in strength — and even short programs (8–12 weeks) can cause measurable changes. Newer studies highlight benefits of heavier loading for preserving leg strength over years. That said, programs can be tailored to ability and health status. 
• Machine-based, free-weight, and band-based resistance all work when programs follow progressive overload principles (gradually increasing load, reps, or difficulty) and include multi-joint movements relevant to daily life. 

Why this matters for YOU:

• Prevent loss of independence: stronger legs and core = easier climbing stairs, rising from chairs, carrying groceries.
• Reduce falls and related injuries: improved balance and power translate to fewer stumbles.
• Help chronic joint pain: appropriately dosed strength work often reduces symptoms in osteoarthritis and low-back pain by improving joint control and load distribution.
• Improve recovery after surgery or illness: strength training is a mainstay of rehabilitation and speeds return to function.

Simple, evidence-based general resistance routine (for most adults)

Aim for 2 non-consecutive days per week minimum for whole-body strength (many studies used 2–3 sessions/week). Start with 1–2 sets of 8–15 reps and progress to 2–3 sets and heavier loads as tolerated. Perform a light warm-up (5–10 min walking or cycling) before starting.

Sample full-body session (can do at home with bands or at a gym with machines/free weights):

1. Sit-to-stand (chair squat) — 8–15 reps.
2. Seated or standing row (band or machine) — 8–12 reps.
3. Hip hinge / Romanian deadlift (light dumbbells or kettlebell) or glute bridges — 8–12 reps.
4. Overhead press (bands, dumbbells, or machine) — 8–12 reps.
5. Step-ups or lunges (holding a rail for balance) — 8–12 reps each side.
6. Farmer carry (hold dumbbells/water jugs and walk 30–60 sec) — builds grip and core.
7. Core plank or standing anti-rotation hold (Pallof press with band) — 20–60 sec.

Progression tips: when an exercise becomes easy for the top of the rep range, increase resistance or add a set. For older or deconditioned patients, begin with lower volume/intensity and focus on movement quality and pain-free range. (Research support for 2+ sessions/week and progressive overload in older adults)

Options tailored to different patients (which might suit you)

• Home-based, low-cost: resistance bands, bodyweight, and household items. Great for people who prefer exercising at home or are starting out. Short, 20–30 minute sessions can be effective if consistent. 
• Boutique / personal-training studios: one-on-one coaching and programs are ideal if you want supervised progression, technique coaching, or have specific limitations (post-op, joint replacements). Examples locally include Orange Theory, Spenga, BFT, Fit Studio, 24  Hour Fitness, Equinox, and ATP Fitness in San Ramon.
• Small-group or clinical-strength programs: many local studios (e.g., Body Fit Training, Joule Fitness) run supervised strength classes or low-impact strength options geared toward older adults. These combine social support with professional programming. 
• Medical / clinical programs: if you have complex medical issues, post-op needs, or progressive neurological disease, an individualized program delivered or prescribed by physical therapy is safest and most effective. Our clinic can bridge from rehab to independent strength training.

Local options near Danville & San Ramon (quick list)Below are local places many patients find accessible — some specialize in personal training, others offer classes and machine/weight access. (Call ahead to ask about age-friendly programming, medical clearance, or custom plans.)

Have fun exercising!!

At San Ramon Valley Physical Therapy, we often hear patients mention Advil (ibuprofen) as part of their routine to manage pain and inflammation. While Advil can be helpful when used correctly, it’s important to understand safe use, when it may become too much, and when to involve your doctor.
What is Advil (Ibuprofen)?Advil is a type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It’s commonly used to:

• Reduce pain from injuries, arthritis, or muscle soreness
• Lower fever
• Decrease inflammation

For many patients, Advil can be an effective short-term option to help manage discomfort while participating in therapy and recovery activities.

Recommended UseFor most adults, the typical over-the-counter dose is:

• 200–400 mg every 4–6 hours as needed
• Do not exceed 1,200 mg per day unless directed by your doctor

Higher doses may be prescribed in specific cases, but this should always be under medical supervision.

When Advil Use Becomes “Too Much”Overuse can occur when someone:

• Takes more than the recommended daily dose
• Uses Advil every day for weeks or months without medical guidance
• Relies on Advil instead of addressing the underlying cause of pain

Potential Risks of OveruseTaking Advil too often or in high doses can lead to:

• Stomach irritation or ulcers
• Kidney problems
• Increased blood pressure
• Heart risks with long-term high-dose use
• Masking pain signals, which can prevent proper treatment of the root problem

Voltaren Gel: A Topical AlternativeAnother option for pain and inflammation relief is Voltaren Gel (diclofenac 1%), which is now available over the counter. Like Advil, it is an NSAID, but instead of being taken orally, it’s applied directly to the skin over the painful area.
Benefits of Voltaren Gel:

• Targets pain locally with less medication circulating through the body
• May reduce the risk of stomach irritation and systemic side effects
• Useful for conditions like arthritis in the hands, knees, or other joints close to the skin

Things to Keep in Mind:

• Should not be applied to open wounds or irritated skin
• Avoid excessive use over large body areas
• Wash hands after applying
• Some people may still absorb enough medication to experience side effects, so it’s important to follow dosing instructions carefully

When to Consult Your DoctorYou should talk to your doctor if:

• You need Advil daily to manage pain
• You are considering switching from oral Advil to Voltaren Gel, especially if you already take other medications
• You have a history of stomach, kidney, or heart problems
• Your pain is not improving despite therapy and medication

Your physician can recommend the best option for your specific situation. Sometimes a combination of physical therapy, topical treatments, and lifestyle changes reduces or eliminates the need for daily oral pain medication.

Key TakeawayAdvil can be a helpful tool for short-term pain and inflammation, but it should be used responsibly. Overuse carries risks that may outweigh the benefits. Voltaren Gel may be a safer alternative for certain joint and muscle pain, especially when long-term treatment is needed. Always use the lowest effective dose for the shortest amount of time, and consult your doctor if you find yourself relying on pain medications regularly.

​At San Ramon Valley Physical Therapy, our goal is to help you manage pain safely while addressing the root cause through movement, exercise, and personalized care.

At San Ramon Valley Physical Therapy, we often see patients who are excited to begin (or return to) a strength training program. Building muscle, improving bone density, and enhancing overall function are all fantastic goals. However, one key element is often overlooked before loading up the barbell or dumbbells: having full range of motion (ROM) at your joints.
​
What is Range of Motion?

Range of motion refers to how far a joint can move in each direction. For example, your shoulder should be able to comfortably reach overhead, your hips should allow you to squat down, and your ankles should bend enough to support proper walking and running mechanics.

Why is Full ROM Important Before Weight Training?

When we lift weights, we place additional stress on our joints, muscles, and connective tissues. If a joint is restricted and can’t move through its natural motion, the body often compensates with poor movement patterns. Over time, this can lead to pain, muscle imbalances, or injury.

Let’s look at a common example:

• Overhead Press: If you can’t raise your arm fully overhead while lying flat on your back (a quick test for shoulder mobility), pressing weight overhead may force your lower back to arch or your shoulder to move improperly. This creates unnecessary stress and increases the risk of injury.

By first restoring full motion, you’ll not only protect your body but also make your workouts more effective.

Benefits of Ensuring Full ROM Before Training

• Injury Prevention: Healthy joints distribute force evenly, reducing strain.
• Better Strength Gains: Muscles work best when trained through their full length.
• Improved Technique: Proper movement patterns lead to more efficient and safer lifting.
• Longevity in Training: Maintaining joint health helps you stay consistent for years to come.

How to Get There

Before beginning a progressive weight training program, consider:

• Mobility Screening: A physical therapist can assess whether you have adequate range of motion in key joints like shoulders, hips, and ankles.
• Corrective Exercises: Gentle stretching, mobility drills, and targeted strengthening can restore balance.
• Progressive Approach: Once full ROM is achieved, gradually increase weight and intensity with proper form.

​Takeaway

Strength training is one of the best investments you can make for your long-term health—but only if your body is ready for it. Ensuring full range of motion at your joints before starting prevents injuries, improves performance, and sets you up for sustainable progress.

At San Ramon Valley Physical Therapy, we help patients move better, restore joint mobility, and safely transition into fitness programs. If you’re unsure about your range of motion or want guidance before starting weight training, our team is here to help.

Lateral elbow pain, often referred to as tennis elbow or lateral epicondylitis, is commonly associated with repetitive wrist extension or gripping activities. While the pain centers at the outer elbow, research increasingly points to a surprising contributing factor: shoulder weakness, particularly in the rotator cuff and scapular stabilizing muscles. By addressing these upstream issues, you may find meaningful relief in your elbow.

The Shoulder-Elbow Connection
​
Your arm functions as part of a kinetic chain—from the shoulder blade down to your fingertips. Weakness in the rotator cuff or scapular stabilizers can lead to poor mechanics and increased load on the forearm extensors, which attach at the lateral elbow. Over time, this overload can lead to microtears and inflammation at the tendon insertion point, causing pain and dysfunction.
A growing body of evidence supports this shoulder-to-elbow relationship:

• Cools et al. (2014) emphasized that shoulder strengthening, especially of the rotator cuff and scapular muscles, improves upper limb mechanics and reduces distal overload.
• Lucado et al. (2012) found that a comprehensive rehab program for lateral epicondylalgia that included proximal strengthening (shoulder girdle and rotator cuff) led to superior outcomes compared to forearm strengthening alone.
• Vicenzino et al. (2003) demonstrated that scapular-focused rehab helped reduce symptoms of lateral elbow pain more effectively than isolated elbow interventions.

At-Home Shoulder Exercises to Reduce Lateral Elbow Pain

Here are three simple, evidence-informed exercises to strengthen your shoulders and support elbow health. Each targets different muscles in the kinetic chain and can be done at home:

NOTE: DO NOT OVERGRIP THE BAND OR WEIGHT! Relax your wrist....this will take pressure OFF your elbow

1. Side-Lying External Rotation (Light Dumbbell)Targets: Infraspinatus and teres minor (rotator cuff)
How to do it:

• Lie on your side with your elbow bent to 90 degrees and a light dumbbell (1–5 lbs) in your top hand, resting across your abdomen.
• Keeping your elbow tucked to your side, slowly rotate your arm outward, lifting the dumbbell toward the ceiling.
• Lower slowly.
• Reps: 2–3 sets of 10–15 per side

Why it helps: Research shows that this isolated movement recruits the external rotators, which play a key role in stabilizing the shoulder during arm movements.

2. Band Pull-Aparts (Elastic Band)Targets: Rhomboids, middle trapezius, and posterior deltoid
How to do it:

• Hold a resistance band with both hands at shoulder width, arms straight in front of you.
• Pull the band apart by squeezing your shoulder blades together, keeping arms at shoulder height.
• Pause briefly, then return slowly to the start.
• Reps: 2–3 sets of 12–15

Why it helps: Strengthening the scapular retractors improves posture and reduces strain down the arm, which may alleviate elbow stress.

3. Wall Angels (Bodyweight Only)Targets: Serratus anterior, lower trapezius, and thoracic mobility
How to do it:

• Stand with your back against a wall, arms bent in a goalpost shape with your elbows and wrists against the wall.
• Slowly raise your arms upward along the wall, then return to the starting position.
• Keep your back and arms as flush to the wall as possible.
• Reps: 2–3 sets of 10

Why it helps: This exercise promotes scapular control and thoracic extension, both essential for healthy shoulder mechanics.

When it comes to shoulder health, mobility is everything. Whether you're recovering from an injury, dealing with stiffness, or simply trying to stay loose and strong, stretching the shoulder through its various ranges of motion is key to maintaining flexibility, preventing pain, and improving performance. In this post, we’ll go over four essential stretches that target different directions of shoulder movement: flexion, extension, internal rotation, and external rotation.

1. Wall Climb (Shoulder Flexion Stretch)Target: Shoulder flexion (lifting your arm in front and overhead)
How to do it:

• Stand facing a wall, about a foot away.
  
• Place your fingertips on the wall at about waist height.
  
• Slowly “walk” your fingers up the wall until you feel a comfortable stretch in the front of your shoulder.
  
• Hold the top position for 15–30 seconds, then walk your hand back down.
  
• Repeat 3 times on each side.
  

Tip: Keep your shoulder blade down and avoid shrugging during the stretch.

2. Towel Stretch (Internal Rotation Stretch)Target: Shoulder internal rotation (rotating your arm toward your spine)
How to do it:

• Grab a towel and drape it over your shoulder so one end hangs down your back.
  
• Reach behind your back with the affected arm and grab the lower end of the towel.
  
• Use your other hand (holding the top end of the towel) to gently pull upward until you feel a stretch in your shoulder and the front of your chest.
  
• Hold for 20–30 seconds and repeat 3 times.
  

Tip: Keep your posture upright and avoid arching your lower back.

3. Sleeper Stretch (Internal Rotation in Side-Lying)Target: Posterior capsule and internal rotation
How to do it:

• Lie on your side with the involved shoulder down and your arm bent at 90 degrees in front of you.
  
• Use your top hand to gently press your lower forearm down toward the floor.
  
• Stop when you feel a stretch in the back of your shoulder.
  
• Hold for 20–30 seconds and repeat 2–3 times.
  

Tip: Keep your shoulder blade stabilized by slightly rolling your torso forward into the stretch.

4. Doorway Stretch (External Rotation and Chest Opener)Target: Shoulder external rotation and pectoral muscles
How to do it:

• Stand in a doorway with your elbow bent at 90 degrees and your forearm resting on the door frame.
  
• Gently step forward with one foot until you feel a stretch across the front of your shoulder and chest.
  
• Hold for 20–30 seconds and repeat 3 times on each side.
  

Tip: Keep your core tight and avoid leaning too far forward.